Legendary management consultant Peter F. Drucker may have pioneered the organizational reward system in the early 1900s with this observation: “If a company is to obtain the needed contributions, it must reward those who make them.” In the early 1970s it became the topic of my doctoral thesis after working with clients where old systems and quotas were kept in place despite new strategies and products.

Seeing is believing, but can you believe what you see? Perceptions are influenced by past experience and uniquely individual frames of reference. Three people can enter the same room and report a very different scene because they are predisposed to notice diverse details. Filtering reality through a personalized lens produces disparate definitions of fact. The…

Active support is needed to make changes in an organization that are effective in the long term, but gaining that support is an endless challenge to leaders. The members of your organization might trust you to identify fluid circumstances and engineer change, but the suggestion of doing something differently is still met with resistance, defensiveness…

An invisible fence keeps my neighbor’s dogs constrained to the yard while they enjoy limited freedom outdoors. If the dogs wander too close to the boundaries, their collars give them a slight jolt warning them not to go further. After the first few times, they stopped challenging the system and seemed content to remain safely…